形象运算（Concrete Operational）的层次，其中允许符号化、系统化的环境心理表象；形式运算（Formal Operational）的层次，在该层次中，个体具有假设——演绎推理能力，能够处理独立于行动、客体、空间的抽象的空间概念。图2-3表示了个体成长过程中的空间认识的发展。-Image of the operator (Concrete Operational) level, which allows symbolic, systematic representation of environmental psychology　form of expression (Formal Operational) level in the hierarchy, the individual has a hypothesis- deductive reasoning ability to deal with independent action, object, space, abstract concept of space. Figure 2-3 represents the spatial growth process of individual understanding of the development.